What is math optimization?

Mathematical optimization can be defined as an analytically intelligent technique that identifies the best possible decision from a set of feasible options by mathematically representing a business problem using decision variables, objective functions, and constraints.

Now, when it comes to the casual usage of the term 'optimization,' it's important to note that it might not always refer to the rigorous mathematical process described above. In everyday language, 'optimization' is frequently used in a broader sense to mean enhancing something, making it more efficient, or achieving the best outcome without necessarily following the formal mathematical framework.

To help understand the concept better, if a system or tool does not provide categorical recommendations for action, then it not an application that has been built using the constructs of mathematical optimization.